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Study on genetic diversity of some of Iranian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars using RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers: A comparison study

Shahram Noroozi, Amin Baghizadeh, Mokhtar Jalali Javaran

Iran has a rich and diverse pistachio germplasm and thereby the diversity and number of Iranian pistachio cultivars is unique in the world. In this study 31 pistachio cultivars and genotypes were characterized by RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. The general dendrogram constructed using the combined data of the three sets of molecular markers was to some extent similar to those obtained separatelywith eachmarker. The overall Principle coordinate analysis (PCA) based on genetic similarity matrices showed that the first three eigenvectors accounted for 28.46%of the total molecular variation. Therefore, the PCA results confirmed the results of cluster analysis. In SSR population analysis; the four primers produced 11 alleles among 31 pistachio genotypes with an average value of 2.75 alleles. 100% Polymorphismwas observed at all of these loci. The lowaverage polymorphic information content value 0.4374 indicated the presence of high genetic similarity among genotypes and entails development of additional polymorphic SSRprimers for effective characterization of Iranian pistachio cultivars/genotypes. According to the effective multiplex ratio and assay efficiency index, itwas showed that RAPDmarkerswere themost powerful to differentiate the genotypes followed by ISSR and SSR markers, respectively.