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Next Generation Sequencing Technologies - Principles and Prospects

Md.Fakruddin and Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin Mannan

DNA sequencing is one of the most important platforms for the study of biological systems today. The high-throughput - next generation sequencing (HT-NGS) technologies are currently the hottest topic in the field of human and animals genomics researches, which can produce over 100 times more data compared to the most sophisticated capillary sequencers based on the Sanger method. New generation of sequencing technologies, from Illumina/Solexa,ABI/SOLiD, 454/Roche, and Helicos, has provided unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput functional genomic research. The next-generation sequencing technologies offer novel and rapid ways for genome-wide characterization and profiling of mRNAs, small RNAs, transcription factor regions, structure of chromatin and DNA methylation patterns, microbiology and metagenomics. However, unlike traditional Sanger dideoxy sequencing, these methods have lower accuracy and shorter read lengths than the dideoxy gold standard. An astounding potential exists for these technologies to bring enormous change in genetic and biological research and to enhance our fundamental biological knowledge.